![]() In sporadic cases, the sternum may not fully form, and the underlying heart may be exposed. The three separate bone segments of different size and shape that make up the sternum include 1) the thick manubrium, 2) long body of the sternum, and 3) the xiphoid process. The vertical bone of the chest, the sternum, defines the anterior chest wall. Once the ribs leave the vertebrae, they gently curve around the lateral thoracic wall and approach the anterior wall of the thoracic cavity. An articular capsule surrounds the head of each rib, and the attachment to the transverse process is made with the help of the radiate ligament. At the level of the spine, the ribs articulate with the costal facet of two opposing vertebrae. Ribs eight to ten only attach to the inferior part of sternum via the costal cartilages. Ribs 11-12 are termed floating ribs because they do not attach directly to the sternum. Ribs eight to ten are known as false ribs because they lack direct attachment to the sternum. The first seven ribs are termed true ribs and attach to the manubrium and directly attach to the body of the sternum. Ribs 10-12, due to their short course, they do not reach the sternum. Ribs 10-12 are relatively short and attach to the costal margins of the ribs just above them. The first nine ribs curve around the lateral thoracic wall and connect to the manubrium and sternum. The thoracic wall consists of a bony framework that is held together by twelve thoracic vertebrae posteriorly which give rise to ribs that encircle the lateral and anterior thoracic cavity. ![]()
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